Ancient Ephesus

Originally on the Aegean coast, the city thrived on hillsides during Roman times despite shifting coastlines. Often called a premier outdoor museum, Ephesus's ancient origins are confirmed by artifacts dating back to the second millennium BC.

Despite facing attacks and destruction over centuries, including by the Cimmerians and Goths, Ephesus saw periods of great prosperity under various empires, notably becoming a metropolis under Emperor Augustus. Though it declined after the Gothic invasion, its well-preserved ruins continue to draw global tourists, offering a captivating glimpse into ancient grandeur.